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Guide to Meteora monasteries | A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Rising dramatically above the Thessalian plains in central Greece, the Meteora monasteries seem to defy gravity, perched atop towering sandstone pillars shaped by time and nature. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988, the monasteries, built by monks seeking solitude, continue to preserve centuries of Orthodox tradition, standing as a powerful testament to both their resilience and Meteora’s lasting significance.

Role of Meteora monasteries in Greek history

Meteora rock formations with a monastery and a person standing on a cliff, Greece.
  • Spiritual retreats for monks seeking solitude: Founded in the 14th century, the monasteries provided monks a secluded space atop cliffs to focus on prayer and study away from political turmoil and Ottoman invasions.
  • Preserving Orthodox traditions & art: The monasteries preserved Orthodox Christianity through iconography and frescoes, safeguarding religious traditions during Ottoman rule.
  • Centers of learning: In addition to spiritual practice, the monasteries taught reading, writing, and religious studies, and their libraries housed thousands of manuscripts that would later play a role in the Greek War of Independence by fueling national consciousness.
  • A symbol of resistance & resilience: During the Ottoman occupation, the monasteries acted as safe havens for rebels, using their isolated position to maintain independence and preserve Greek identity.

Why Meteora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Meteora monastery perched on a cliff at sunset during Athens to Meteora full-day trip.
Meteora rock formations at sunset with a monastery perched on a cliff, Thessaloniki tour.
Interior of The Monastery of Great Meteoron with ornate religious icons and wooden carvings.
Meteora monasteries perched on rock formations at sunset, Thessaloniki tour destination.
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A unique geological wonder

Meteora’s towering sandstone pillars, some of which rise over 400 meters, were created over millions of years through erosion and natural processes, resulting in an otherworldly scene where monasteries are perched atop sheer cliffs.

A center of Orthodox monasticism

Built between the 14th and 16th centuries, Meteora's monasteries were established by monks seeking spiritual isolation from the world's turmoil. This unique religious community lasted for centuries, preserving Orthodox Christian monastic traditions and making the site invaluable to the faith.

Cultural and artistic heritage

These monasteries are home to some of the most remarkable Byzantine-era frescoes, icons, and religious art in existence. These artworks, many created by famous Cretan icon painters in the 16th century, depict biblical scenes, saints, and theological narratives, making Meteora a critical site for understanding Byzantine and post-Byzantine religious art.

A symbol of spiritual resilience

Throughout history, these remote, fortified structures provided monks and nuns with sanctuary and protection during times of conflict, especially during the Ottoman occupation, helping preserve religious practices while maintaining their autonomy and self-sufficiency.

Map of Meteora monasteries in Greece, showing locations of six monasteries near Kastraki and Kalabaka.

A closer look at the six must-see Meteora monasteries

The Great Meteoron Monastery

Great Meteoron Monastery

Founded: Around 1340
Founder: Saint Athanasios the Meteorite

The Great Meteoron, the crown jewel of Meteora, was established by Saint Athanasios, a monk from Mount Athos, marking the start of organized monastic life on these cliffs. Expanded by his disciple, Saint Joasaph, it evolved into a center of learning, theology, and manuscript preservation.

  • What to see: Towering stone walls, the original refectory (now a museum), ancient manuscripts, and exquisite 16th-century frescoes.
  • Don’t miss: The monks’ old kitchen, preserved with soot-blackened walls and age-old tools.
  • Why go: This is the birthplace of monastic Meteora, an essential stop for understanding the site's origin.
Great Meteoron Monastery
Varlaam Monastery

Varlaam Monastery

Founded: 1517 (rebuilt)
Rebuilders: Brothers Theophanes and Nektarios Apsarades
Originally settled by: Monk Varlaam in the mid-14th century

Named after the first hermit who climbed this rock, Varlaam was left abandoned until the Apsarades brothers revived it in the 16th century. They built the church, cells, and water cistern, hauling every single building material up manually.

  • What to see: Church of All Saints, grand frescoes by Frangos Katelanos, and a museum with relics and rare icons.
  • Don’t miss: The preserved winch system and wooden barrel used to hoist supplies, still on display!
  • Why go: A peaceful atmosphere, majestic views, and an incredible backstory of perseverance.
Monastery of Varlaam
The Monastery of St. Nicholas Anapausas

St. Nicholas Anapausas Monastery

Founded: Early 14th century
Refurbished by: Dionysios of Larissa in 1527
Art by: Theophanes the Cretan (renowned iconographer)

Built on a rock with very limited space, St. Nicholas Anapausas is a compact architectural marvel. Despite its small size, it boasts some of the finest frescoes in Meteora, painted by the famous post-Byzantine artist Theophanes.

  • What to see: Layered floors with chapels and refectories, all stacked within one vertical structure.
  • Don’t miss: The fresco of Adam naming the animals; it’s both detailed and whimsical.
  • Why go: Perfect for art lovers and those seeking a short but rich visit.
Holy Monastery of St. Nicholas Anapausas
Monastery of Rousanou

Monastery of Rousanou

Founded: Circa 1545 (as it stands today)
Likely built by: Monks Maximos and Ioasaph
Earlier structures may date back to: Late 14th century

Perched on a narrow, lower rock, Rousanou is elegant and intimate. Dedicated to Saint Barbara, it was later restored and converted into a nunnery in the 1980s, and is now one of the most beautifully maintained monastic sites in Meteora.

  • What to see: 16th-century frescoes with vivid color and detail, stunning interiors, and manicured gardens.
  • Don’t miss: The central dome painting, Christ Pantocrator, surrounded by angels and prophets.
  • Why go: Easier access, lush surroundings, and a strong sense of peace.
Rousanou Monastery
Monastery of St. Stephan

St. Stephen’s Monastery

Founded: Originally in the 14th century
Early founder: St. Antoninus (1380s); expanded by Hosios Philotheos (15th c.)
Converted to a convent in: 1961

St. Stephen’s Monastery is the most accessible; no steps, just a small bridge from the parking lot. It suffered damage during WWII and the Greek Civil War, but was lovingly restored by a community of nuns.

  • What to see: Two churches; the older one dedicated to Saint Stephen and a newer one to Saint Charalambos, which houses holy relics.
  • Don’t miss: The iconostasis (a wall of icons and religious paintings), the monastic museum, and the peaceful courtyard.
  • Why go: Ideal for all visitors, including those with mobility concerns. A spiritual oasis with breathtaking views.
St. Stephen’s Monastery
Monastery of the Holy Trinity

Monastery of the Holy Trinity

Founded: Around 1475
By: Unknown monks, likely Athonite in origin
Pop culture fame: Featured in James Bond: For Your Eyes Only (1981)

The most isolated of the Meteora monasteries, Holy Trinity feels like it floats above the world. It’s a challenge to reach, with a steep staircase carved into the rock, but the solitude and the view are truly rewarding.

  • What to see: Byzantine frescoes, serene courtyards, and the cave chapel of Saint John the Baptist.
  • Don’t miss: The panoramic view over Kalabaka and the Pindus Mountains.
  • Why go: Off the beaten path, cinematic, and profoundly tranquil.
Holy Trinity Monastery

5 unique fun facts about Meteora

Ancient Meteora cliffside caves with wooden structures in Greece.
Meteora rock formations with monastery, Greece, viewed during Athens to Meteora full-day trip.
Meteora monasteries perched on rock formations at sunrise, Greece.
Monastery perched on Meteora rock formations during morning tour in Greece.
Meteora rock formations and monastery in Greece during morning tour.
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Ladders and baskets were the only way up

Before modern steps were carved, monks used retractable rope ladders and nets to access the monasteries. Supplies and even people were hoisted up the cliffs, completely at the mercy of the monks above.

Name means 'suspended in the air'

The word Meteora comes from the Greek "meteorizo", meaning 'to suspend in air', an apt name for monasteries perched on vertical cliffs, often appearing to float above the clouds.

Home to a secret WWII resistance radio

During World War II, Meteora wasn’t just a religious refuge. A hidden resistance radio station operated from the rocks to help Greek forces communicate against Axis occupiers.

Filming location for James Bond

One of the Meteora monasteries, Holy Trinity Monastery, was featured in the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only. The filming was so challenging that equipment had to be airlifted in.

Eagle nests for spiritual seclusion

Some hermits chose to live not in monasteries, but in tiny niches high up in the rock faces, reachable only by climbing. These were like spiritual 'eagle nests' used for complete solitude and prayer.

Tips to note when going on a Meteora monasteries tour

  • Meteora can get crowded, especially during midday in July and August. For a quieter experience, visit early in the morning or late afternoon.
  • Great Meteoron is closed on Tuesdays and Rousanou on Wednesdays. Double-check opening days and plan your Meteora visit accordingly.
  • Men must wear long trousers, and women must wear long skirts and cover their shoulders. Wrap skirts and shawls are available at the entrance if needed.
  • You’ll need to make a €3 to €5 cash offering at the gate, which helps support the upkeep of the monasteries.
  • Expect to spend 30 to 60 minutes per monastery. Plan for extra time for climbing steps, exploring grounds, and soaking in the history.
  • All monasteries require you to climb hundreds of steep stone steps. Wear sturdy shoes with a good grip, as paths can be slippery, especially after rain. Avoid wearing flip-flops or sandals.
  • You can take photos outdoors, but photography is not allowed inside churches. Always respect no-photo areas.
  • There are no food stands inside the monasteries, so bring a water bottle and snacks for long visits, especially in summer when it can get hot.

Frequently asked questions about Meteora monasteries

Is there an entrance fee for the Meteora monasteries?

Yes, there is a €3 to €5 cash offering required for entry to each monastery, which helps support their upkeep. Keep in mind that this offering is collected at the entrance of each monastery.

What is the best time to visit the Meteora monasteries?

The best time to visit the monasteries of Meteora, Greece, is during the spring (April to June) or fall (September to November). These seasons offer mild temperatures and fewer crowds, making it ideal for walking, climbing, and exploring.

How long does it take to visit all the monasteries?

Visiting all six monasteries takes a full day. Allocate at least one hour per monastery to explore the interiors and enjoy the views. A Meteora full-day tour can help you make the most of your time and provide insightful commentary.

What should I wear when visiting the Meteora monasteries?

Dress modestly with shoulders and knees covered. Women are typically required to wear skirts (available at the entrance), and men should avoid wearing shorts.

What is the history behind the monasteries of Meteora?

The Meteora monasteries were established in the 14th century by monks who sought solitude and safety on these remote rock pillars. Over the years, they transformed the monasteries into sanctuaries for worship and retreat, far removed from the dangers of the outside world.

Are the Meteora monasteries wheelchair accessible?

Most of the Meteora monasteries are not wheelchair accessible due to steep staircases and rugged terrain. However, St. Stephen’s Monastery is the most accessible, with a footbridge leading to the entrance and no steep steps, making it suitable for visitors with limited mobility.

Can I take photos inside the monasteries?

Photography is usually allowed in the outdoor areas of the monasteries, but it is often restricted inside the chapels and museums. Always check the specific rules at each monastery.

What are Meteora monasteries' opening hours?

The opening hours for Meteora monasteries vary by monastery and season. Generally, they are open from 9am to 1pm and 3pm to 6pm.

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Meteora monastery perched on a rocky cliff with panoramic views of the Thessaly Valley, Greece.

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Meteora rock formations with monastery near Kalabaka, Greece, viewed from above.

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Person sitting on rock overlooking Meteora rock formations at sunset, Greece.

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